Web Directory

» A Conflict That Won’t Go Away
   Overview of the Moro conflict in the southern Philippines beginning with the battle of Bud Bagsak on March 9, 1906, in the early years of American occupation of the country. By Madge Kho, formerly of Jolo, now living in Boston.
   http://www.philippineupdate.com/Conflict.htm

» A Philippine Leaf
   Literacy and writing among prehistoric Filipinos, by Hector Santos, known historian and expert on ancient writing.
   http://bibingka.com/dahon/default.htm

» Agrarian Reforms in the Philippines
   United Nations research paper on land reform programs from 1900 through the present CARP (Comprehensive Agricultural Reform Program).
   http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan005112.pdf

» Alibata
   Describes the origins and history of the Alibata writing system. By Victor Ganata, University of California Berkeley, 1999.
   http://fatoprofugus.net/alibata/index.html

» An American in the Philippines
   The online archival collection of George Percival Scriven, witness to the occupation of Bohol during the Philippine-American war, 1899 - 1901. From the Duke University special collections library.
   http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/scriven

» Andres Bonifacio: A Self-taught Revolutionary
   Biography of the unschooled leader of the 1896 revolution who taught himself the ideals of 19th century liberalism and nationalist independence.
   http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Cynthia/festivals/bonifacio_day.htm

» Andres Bonifacio: Father of Philippine Revolution
   On the early morning of May 10, 1897, General Lazaro Makapagal executed Andres Bonifacio, the father of the Philippine Revolution of 1896, and his brother Procopio in Mt. Nagpatong, Maragondon, Cavite, on orders by General Mariano Noriel, Emilio Aguinaldo
   http://members.tripod.com/masternoel/compdev/page44.htm

» Austrian-Philippine
   Articles on culture, history, the Rizal-Blumentritt friendship, Austrian-Philippine relations, and picturesque old Philippines.
   http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi.htm

» Battle of Bayang Centennial
   102-year-old eyewitness interview of American incursion into Lake Lanao in Mindanao and the battle against the Maranao datus of Bayang and Binidayan, led by Sultan Pandapatan.
   http://home.pacbell.net/sika/BAYANGMARANAOVIEW.html

» Chabacano, Philippine-style Spanish
   The development of Creole Spanish from its beginning on June 23, 1635, and the current state of the Spanish language in the Philippines.
   http://filipinokastila.tripod.com/chabig.html

» Child Soldiers in the Philippines
   For the past several decades, conflict groups in the Philippines have used minors in their struggle to overthrow the government, and government paramilitary groups to exterminate rebels. Written by Merliza Makinano of the International Labor Affairs Servi
   http://www.childprotection.org.ph/monthlyfeatures/mar2k2a.rtf

» Chinese Revolutionary In Cavite
   The story of Ignacio Paua, a Chinese migrant who fought on Emilio Aguinaldo's side in the battle of Binakayan, and was among Aguinaldo's aides to attack and arrest Andres Bonifacio, supremo of the Katipunan. By Teresita Ang See, in Hector Santos' website.
   http://www.bibingka.com/phg/paua/default.htm

» Clark Air Base 1959-1960 Memories
   Stories of a young man growing up on an airbase near Manila in the Philippines. Includes the first and only World Boy Scout Jamboree to be held in the Philippines. By Terry Ballard.
   http://www.terryballard.org/clark.htm

» Clark Air Base Scrapbook
   Pictures from the 90 year history of Americans stationed at Clark Air Base in the Philippines.
   http://zcap.freeyellow.com/

» Constitutions and History
   The complete, unabridged national constitutions from 1899 to 1987 and other resources on Philippine history.
   http://www.pryo.net/History/ConstitutionHome.html

» Doctrina Christiana
   The first book printed in the Philippines, Manila, 1593. A Facsimile of the copy in the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection, Library, edited by Edwin Wolf 2nd. On the Project Gutenberg website.
   http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16119/16119-h/16119-h.htm

» EDSA 2
   Gives a comparison of EDSA I and II, pictures, timeline, and links.
   http://members.tripod.com/twist14/edsa2/

» EDSA 3: A Surprising Uprising
   Three analyses of the May Day riot by the 'have-nots' in Manila by known Philipine writers. From the 'Focus on the Philippines' website.
   http://www.focusweb.org/publications/Bulletins/Fop/2001/FOP20.htm

» Evolution Of Filipino as a National Language
   Three articles tracing the evolution of the language from pre-history through successive infusion of foreign words.
   http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog/essays_on_philippine_languages.htm

» Filipino Folktales
   Legends and old-time stories told through the ages.
   http://folktales.webmanila.com

» Fillipinos in America
   Highly personalized articles about Filipinos who migrated to America, by Nestor P. Enriquez
   http://www.filipinohome.com/archive.html

» First Declaration of Philippine Independence
   The declaration in the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite, on the 12th day of June 1898 by ‘Engregious Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo.’ On the MSC Centennial Site. Translated by Sulpicio Guevara.
   http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/declaration.html

» Friars' History of the Philippines
   Spanish account of the colonization of the islands from 1521 through 1574.
   http://www.sspxasia.com/Newsletters/2001/Oct-Dec/A_short_Philippine_History.htm

» Herman Knight Beaber
   Biography of an American missionary who continued his work after imprisonment by the Japanese during World War II.
   http://ithascome.bravehost.com/index.html

» History of Cagayan de Oro
   From its first human occupation in 377, christianization of Datu Salangsang by a Portuguese Recollect friar in 1626, to the end of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, the story of the land of Huluga, later renamed by the Spaniards from the Cagayan Valley. By
   http://cagayan.elizaga.net/history.html

» History of Gen. MacArthur in Eastern Samar
   Unofficial Website of Gen. MacArthur, Eastern Samar.
   http://www.freewebs.com/pambujanon/history.htm

» History of Novaliches
   The history-laden Novaliches, a former Rizal province town, is now divided between Quezon Citv and Caloocan City.
   http://www.freewebs.com/freenovalichesmovement/historyofnovaliches.htm

» History of the Higaonon Tribe
   The Higaonon tribe of Mindanao in The Philippines (people of the living mountains), live in and manage their forest home in a natural and harmonious way. From the Unahi Mindanao Inc. website.
   http://www.unahi.org/higaonon-tribe-history.htm

» Hukbalahap Insurrection
   An American account and analysis of the peasant revolt which nearly toppled the government in 1948-1950.
   http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/coldwar/huk/huk-fm.htm

» Humabon, Defender of Cebu
   Rajah Humabon massacred the men of Ferdinand Magellan after the battle of Mactan and other historical scenes re-created by Manuel Panares in his paintings of Cebu's past.
   http://cebu-online.com/swum/sugbo/index.html

» Inventing a Hero: A Book Review
   No copy of the revolutionary publication “Kalayaan” has ever been found and many historians question whether Andres Bonifacio actually wrote “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog.” A Hector Santos book review of “Inventing a Hero” by Glenn May.
   http://www.bibingka.com/phg/books/bonifacio.htm

» Jewels of Imelda Marcos
   Photos and brief history of jewelry that supposedly belonged to the former First Lady.
   http://www.djl.net/jewels/

» Jose Rizal
   Information about the national hero of the Philippines, Jose Rizal. Includes an article on the rumored relationship with a former Nazi dictator.
   http://www.joserizal.ph/in01.html

» Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere
   "The Social Cancer" ("Noli Me Tangere") The complete text of the novel that inspired the Philippine Revolution. With both contemporary and recent criticism. On the Project Gutenberg website.
   http://www.gutenberg.org/files/6737/6737-h/6737-h.htm

» Jose Rizal's Retraction, Or Not
   Did the national hero renounce all his writings against the friars, or not? Details of the multiple copies, doubtful document sources and vague testimonies sustain the long and still ongoing debate.
   http://www.joserizal.ph/rt01.html

» Jose Rizal, Liberator of the Philippines
   Biography of Jose Rizal, the national hero, and his effect on the country's history, by the president of Ateneo de Naga, Raul J. Bonoan.
   http://pages.prodigy.net/manila_girl/rizal/ammag.htm

» José Rizal’s El Filibusterismo
   Complete English version of José Rizal’s Spanish “El Filibusterismo,” translated by Charles Derbyshire to "The Reign of Greed" and published in Manila by the Philippine Education Company in 1922. From the Project Gutenberg website.
   http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10676/10676-h/10676-h.htm

» Justification of Spanish Rule
   1582 council of Jesuit, Augustinian and Dominican friars convened by the first bishop of Manila to debate Spain's right to conquer the Philippines.
   http://www.sspxasia.com/Newsletters/2001/Oct-Dec/The_Controversy_over_Justification.htm

» Katipunan
   Documents and studies on the patriotic secret society that launched the 1896 revolution against Spanish rule in the Philippines.
   http://kasaysayan-kkk.info

» La Naval of Manila
   Our Lady of the Rosary stands alone as a "native virgin," her oriental features reflect the uniqueness of her position as a truly indigenous queen of the Philippines from the 17th century Spanish "Golden Age."
   http://www.holyspiritinteractive.net/features/somethingaboutmary/naval.asp

» Lucban!
   History of the ancient town whose 1,600 inhabitants were converted to Christianity in 1578 by the noted Spanish friar-author, Juan de Plasencia. By Sol Jose Vanzi.
   http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/tl/tl012513.htm

» Lumad Retreat
   The 400-year flight of the hilltribes collectively called Lumads into the wilderness, and the consequent ecological destruction of the Pulangi river, the 'Rio Grande de Mindanao' of Spanish annals.
   http://www.mekonginfo.org/mrc_en/doclib.nsf/0/2AE0F8B274605B4DC725673700122451/$FILE/PART5.html

» Mabini: A Century After His Passing
   Detailed biography of the great hero who originally refused to support the revolution but changed his mind when Jose Rizal was executed. By Alexander Martin. On the Bulatlat.com website.
   http://www.bulatlat.com/news/3-14/3-14-mabini.html

» Mabini: Wounded Hero
   Apolinario Mabini, one of the foremost of the Philippine revolutionary heros, was the “brains” of the revolution. His last years were his most painful. A biography from the Austrian-Philippine WebSite by Dr. Robert L. Yoder, FAPC.
   http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/history/mabini.htm

» MacArthur’s Fight in the Philippines
   Gen Douglas MacArthur’s battle against the invading Japanese. First-person accounts by the few men who were there at the time. From the Public Broadcasting System's American Experience series.
   http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/sfeature/bataan.html

» Macario Sakay, Tulisan or Patriot?
   Long after the last of Gen. Aguinaldo's men surrendered to the Americans, independent armies continued their fight for independence. One of these was led by Macario Sakay. From Hector Santos' Philippine Centennial Series.
   http://www.bibingka.com/phg/sakay

» Massacre at Bud Dajo
   On March 7, 1906, US troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood massacred as many as 1,000 Filipino Muslims, known as Moros, who were taking refuge at Bud Dajo, a volcanic crater on the island of Jolo in the Philippines. From The Boston Globe
   http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/03/12/what_happened_at_bud_dajo/

» Migration to the USA
   Race riots, discrimination, and other events experienced by Filipinos in the United States. Also, articles on the 1896 revolution and the 1899 Philippine-American War.
   http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/filipino/filmig.html

» Nueva Vizcaya Became Filipino
   From prehistory to their assimilation into the Republic, the story of the tribal peoples of northern Luzon, by Micheal Predmore, a former Peace Corp volunteer, 1983-1987
   http://members.tripod.com/NewVizcaya/histviz.htm

» Origins From Two Empires
   Advocates that Visayans descended from the Sri Vishayan empire of Sumatra, and the Mindanao Moros were warriors of the Madjapahit Empire of Java, from the Visayan Voice.
   http://www.vizvoyz.freeservers.com/custom.html

» Philippine Centennial Series
   Macario Sakay, July 4 the real independence day, and other historical articles by the Philippine History Group of Los Angeles, edited by Hector Santos
   http://www.bibingka.com/phg/menu.htm

» Philippine History Myths And Controversies
   Filipino historians dispute June 12 as independence day, the design of the national flag based on the Spanish martial law proclamation and other controversial issues. By Aurelio C. Reyes.
   http://www.tribo.org/history/flagday.html

» Philippine History Outline
   From the early history of Negrito migration 30,000 years ago to the firing of Joseph Estrada by the supreme court, and the election of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as president. From the De La Salle University website.
   http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html

» Philippine History Site
   Narratives include the Revolution of 1896, the Philippine-American War and Filipino migration to the U.S. From the University of Hawaii website co-sponsored by the Filipino-American Historical Society of Hawaii, and the Operation Manong (UH Office of Mult
   http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/filipino/

» Philippine Presidents
   Biographies of each president, from Emilio Aguinaldo to Joseph Ejercito Estrada.
   http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/

» Philippine Scouts Heritage
   The first Scout organizations in the US army were created in 1901 during the early days of the American occupation of the Philippines. By Col. John E. Olson, USA (ret.)
   http://www.philippine-scouts.org/History/history.html

» Philippines - A Conflicted Land
   Rebellions, wars and insurgencies in the Philippines since 1898. Expanded timeline from the noted PBS Frontline series.
   http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/philippines/timeline.html

» Pre-Spanish Tacloban
   Filipinos were part of the ancient empire of Sri Vijaya and took part in the battle for Malacca against the Portuguese in 1511-1512.
   http://members.tripod.com/Taclobanon/Prespanish.htm

» Religion in the Philippines
   The pre-Hispanic belief system of Filipinos consisted of a pantheon of gods, spirits, creatures, and men that guarded the streams, fields, trees, mountains, forests, and houses. By Jack Miller.
   http://filipinokastila.tripod.com/religion.html

» Rizal: His Life And Labors, by Austin Craig
   A very detailed biography of the national hero, especially of his childhood years, including his first confrontation of death. Written by the Asst professor of Oriental History in the University of the Philippines in 1913.
   http://mirrors.xmission.com/gutenberg/6/8/6/6867/6867.txt

» Sari-Sari
   Articles on pre-Hispanic times, ancient baybayin writing, and language. Also with free fonts and celebrity pictures.
   http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/

» Sitting In Darkness
   Rise of anti-imperialism in the United States in 1901, led by well-known author Mark Twain, in reaction to the conquest of the Philippines.
   http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_4.3/twain.htm

» Spaniards' First 50 Years in the Philippines
   Source documents of the early years of Spanish colonization. Also, documents on the church-state stormy relationship during the Spanish era.
   http://www.philippinehistory.net

» Spanish View of Philippine History
   Articles on the conquest of the islands in 1565 and the revolution of 1898.
   http://candamo.iespana.es/candamo/1898/ingles/ibuenos.htm

» Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
   by Dr. Antonio de Morga, Mexico, 1609. Events in the Philippines from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century. Translation by Alfonso de Salvio, Norman F. Hall and James Alexander Robertson. On the "Gutenberg Project E-book" websi
   http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8phip10.txt

» Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas, by Dr. Antonio de Morga
   The renowned history of the early years of the Spanish colony in the Philippines written in 1609, annotated by Jose Rizal in 1890 and published in 1907. From the Nalanda Digital Library Etext Conversion Project.
   http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/philippine/chapter1.html

» The Former Philippines Thru Foreign Eyes, by Fedor Jagor, et al
   The complete text of out-of-print 1870 description of the then Spanish colony of the Philippines. An exceptional travelogue by a Prussian (Germany) naturalist, including the customs and appearance of the inhabitants at that time.
   http://www.authorama.com/former-philippines-1.html

» The Former Subic Bay Naval Base
   Photos, history, memorabilia, message boards.
   http://www.subicbaypi.com

» The History Of Aurora
   In 1572, the Spanish explorer Juan de Salcedo became the first European to visit Casiguran, Baler and Infanta in the region that would be known as Aurora, Philippines.
   http://www.aurora.ph/history.html

» The Philippine Centennial Site
   GOMBURZA, the Tausug Resistance and other narratives published to celebrate the 1998 centennial anniversary, by MSC Communications.
   http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/index.html

» The Philippines: Past and Present
   Dean C. Worcester, noted American zoologist who explored the Philippines in 1887, narrates his experiences before and after he was appointed to the ruling Philippine Commission as Secretary of the Interior from 1901 to 1913, the initial phase of US conque
   http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12077/12077-8.txt

» The Religions of the Philippines
   Impact of the introduction of alien religions on pre-historic animism and ancestor worship, and the interplay of homegrown and foreign religions to the present day. By Jack Miller.
   http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/PhilippineReligions/article_miller.htm

» The Social Cancer
   Complete English version of José Rizal’s Spanish “Noli Me Tangere,” translated by Charles Derbyshire and published in Manila in 1912. Includes Rizal’s dedication written in Europe in 1886. From the Project Gutenberg website.
   http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/8sccn10.txt

» The Story of the Philippines
   Written in 1898 by Murat Halstead, American war correspondent and historian of the US expedition to the Philippines, with interviews with Emilio Aguinaldo and Manila Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda. From the Project Gutenberg website.
   http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12409/12409.txt

» The Tagalog-Kapampangan Alliance
   Excerpts from "The Aquinos of Tarlac" by noted author Nick Joaquin, of the Tagalog and Kapampangan revolution against the Spaniards and their war against the American invasion.
   http://maxpages.com/tarlac

» The Thomasites, Before and After
   Diatribe against the displacement of Spanish as lingua franca of the islands by the Thomasite teachers from the United States in the beginning of the 20th century. By Guillermo Gomez Rivera.
   http://www.emanila.com/pilipino/various/ggr_thomasites.htm

» The True Decalogue
   Written by Apolinario Mabini, the national hero, as the real Ten Commandments for Filipinos seeking their freedom from Spanish domination. From the Project Gutenberg website.
   http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14660/14660-h/14660-h.htm

» Through the Centuries
   Timeline and account of the Philippines from 30,000 BC to Abu Sayyaf in 2002, by Gunter Schwarz and Rosalinda Morgado-Schwarz.
   http://www.rms-gs.de/phileng/history/content.html

» Timeline of Filipino Immigration to the United States
   From 1763, when Filipinos introduced commercial drying of shrimps in New Orleans, to the third wave of immigration still continuing. In “Filipino Americans” by Marina Claudio-Perez
   http://www.library.ca.gov/assets/acrobat/filipino.pdf

» Traditional Music of the Philippines
   The research of a German ethnomusicologist, Hans Brandeis, into the religious and traditional music, songs and dance of ethnic minorities, specifically the Bukidnons, in Mindanao. With photos and descriptions of musical instruments believed used since anc
   http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~brandeis/

» Tribute to Ninoy Aquino
   Includes rare photos, poems, and articles.
   http://ninoyaquino.50webs.com

» Waray History
   Leyte and Samar were natural harbors for ancient seafarers, including Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in 1583 and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in 1564. From Seasite, Northern Illinois University.
   http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Waray%20Culture/waray_history.htm

» What's in a Name?
   Where the Philippines, Pinoy, and Flip got their names. Other articles on History 101.
   http://www.tribo.org/history/index.html