Web Directory

» A Brief History of Old English
   Explains how political and cultural events changed the Anglo-Saxon language into the English spoken today. By Michael Drout.
   http://acunix.wheatonma.edu/mdrout/GrammarBook2005/HistoryOfOE.html

» ASPR Search Engine
   This online tool finds all occurrences of a specified word or phrase in the Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records (ASPR), which contain the complete body of Old English poetry.
   http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~bede/search.html

» About Old English
   Answers the questions: What is old English, Why learn Old English, and Why is Old English so different from modern English. By Murray McGillivray
   http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/engl401/faq.htm

» An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts
   An illustrated online seminar by Michelle Brown. Sessions include: Anglo-Saxon England and the Book, Reading and Writing the Manuscripts, Spiritual and Secular Worlds, Materials and Techniques, and Illustration and Ornament.
   http://www.fathom.com/course/10701049/index.html

» Case in Old English
   Robert Stevick's study of case and other grammatical elements of Old English.
   http://faculty.washington.edu/stevickr/graphotactics/case_OE.html

» Changes in the English Language: a Comparison of Old, Middle, and Modern English
   For each verse of Luke 2:1-19, displays an Old English, Middle English, and Modern English version of the verse.
   http://www.bible-researcher.com/engchange.html

» Changes in the Language to the Days of Chaucer
   Studies the development of Old English and Middle English. Covers grammar, pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, and dialects.
   http://www.bartleby.com/211/1901.html

» Conceptual Semantics and Grammatical Relations in Old English
   A study of Old English from the viewpoint of historical linguistics. Covers word order, word formation, and other topics. By Ruta Nagucka.
   http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Conceptual+semantics+and+grammatical+relations+in+Old+English....-a095680209

» Englisc Composition Listserv
   An electronic discussion group dedicated to writing and communicating in Old English. Includes event announcements and links.
   http://www.rochester.edu/englisc/

» Estimating Probabilities and Alliteration Frequencies in Old English Verse
   Studies various kinds of alliteration rates for Old English poetry and shows how non-primary alliteration sometimes plays a functional and artistic role in Old English verse. By Thomas A. Bredehoft.
   http://www.oenewsletter.org/OEN/essays.php/essays/bredehoft34_1/

» History of the English Language Lectures
   Includes several videos, with narration, on Old English language topics. By Edwin Duncan.
   http://pages.towson.edu/duncan/helhome.html

» Junicode Font Page
   Junicode is a font for medievalists created by Peter Baker. If a computer is unable to display certain characters that can appear in online Old English texts, the Junicode font supplies the needed characters. Site describes the font and includes a link to
   http://junicode.sourceforge.net/

» Medieval Writing: Literate English
   Study of the history of written English, with emphasis on Anglo-Saxon manuscripts and the culture that produced them. Includes numerous illustrations and photos.
   http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/whyread/english.htm

» Meter in Old English Poetry
   Describes the use of alliteration in Old English poems and the rhythmic patterns employed in the individual lines of these poems. By Peter Baker.
   http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/pometer.html

» Old English Alphabet
   Shows the form and pronunciation of each letter in the Old English alphabet. Includes a sample text from a manuscript, a transcription of this text, and a modern English translation. Also shows the form, name, and equivalent English letter for each rune i
   http://www.omniglot.com/writing/oldenglish.htm

» Old English Compared to Modern English
   Merriam-Webster Online article uses a passage from Aelfric's Homily on St. Gregory to show the similarities and differences between Old English and Modern English. Also compares Middle English to Modern English and describes the Germanic roots of Old Engl
   http://www.merriam-webster.com/help/faq/history.htm

» Old English Glossaries: Creating a Vernacular
   Scholarly introduction to Old English glossaries. Covers the origin and purpose of OE glossaries, describes the different types of glossaries, and explains their relationship to later English dictionaries.
   http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/epc/chwp/healey/

» Old English Graphotactics
   A site dedicated to editions of Old English texts that include the graphotactics of original manuscripts and to studies of these texts. Graphotactics concerns the incidence and measure of spacings between strings of written symbols of a text. In such text
   http://faculty.washington.edu/stevickr/graphotactics/index.html

» Old English Language
   Introduction to Old English from the Wikipedia online encyclopedia. Covers Germanic origins; Latin, Norse, and Celtic influence; dialects, phonology, and orthography; and grammar.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English

» Old English Links
   Includes links to books and articles on Old English language topics.
   http://www.oe.eclipse.co.uk/nom/linksoe.htm

» Old English Manuscripts Database
   Gives descriptive information for each of the approximately 200 Old English manuscripts containing a significant amount of Anglo-Saxon. Includes a brief introduction to Old English manuscripts.
   http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/subjects/mss/oe/oldeng.html

» Old English Syntax: Some Literary Illustrations
   Shows how selected literary texts exemplify characteristic features of Old English syntax.
   http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/OESyntaxPoeticOverhead.htm

» Old English Verb Conjugator
   Online tool that accepts the infinitive form of an Old English verb as input and displays the complete conjugation of that verb as output. Also summarizes Old English verb groups and classes.
   http://www.verbix.com/languages/oldenglish.shtml

» Poetic Style in Old English
   Explains the stylistic characteristics of Old English poems, including a vocabulary found only in poems, the use of variation in poetic sentences, and the formulaic nature of poetic phrases and themes. By Peter Baker.
   http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/postyle.html

» Reading Old English Manuscripts
   Provides essential information for reading Old English manuscripts as opposed to the transcriptions used in edited texts. Covers the Old English alphabet, manuscript abbreviations, punctuation, capitalization, word and line divisions, and errors and corre
   http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/mss.html

» Runes and Manuscripts
   Studies the development of the alphabet and writing in Anglo-Saxon England. Topics include: the national Germanic alphabet (runes), the use of runes in literature, the influence of the Roman and Irish alphabets on the English hand, the tools of book-makin
   http://www.bartleby.com/211/0201.html

» The Anglo-Saxons and Their Language
   Explains who the Anglo-Saxons were, where their language came from, and what their language was like. Also describes the relationship of Old English to other Germanic languages and to modern English. By Peter Baker.
   http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/genintro.html

» The Grammar of Old English Poetry
   Describes the features of grammar in Old English poetry that distinguish it from the grammar of prose. Covers inflections, syntax, and word order. By Peter Baker.
   http://www.wmich.edu/medieval/resources/IOE/pogrammar.html

» The Language of the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
   Describes the survival of Old English and Old Norse words in modern English. Includes illustrations.
   http://www.regia.org/languag.htm

» The MANCASS C11 Database
   A tool for studying writing and spelling in eleventh century manuscripts. Helps scholars to determine whether a standard form of written English existed in the eleventh century.
   http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/mancass/C11database/

» The Parable of the Prodigal Son in Different Stages of English
   Gives Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English versions of Luke 15:11-32 and allows side-by-side comparisons of different versions. Includes audio of verses 11-21 in each version.
   http://pages.towson.edu/duncan/LukeXVOE.htm

» The Prosody of Old and Middle English
   Explains the poetic principles and techniques that underlie all Old English poetry. Also covers the transition from Old English to Middle English poetic forms, foreign influences on Middle English poetry, and the alliterative revival of the 14th century.
   http://www.bartleby.com/211/1801.html

» The Sounds of Old English
   Robert D. Stevick's account of the Old English sound system. Includes exercises.
   http://faculty.washington.edu/stevickr/graphotactics/sounds.html

» Tricks for Translating Old English
   Gives tips for making the translation of Old English easier. These tricks involve an understanding of certain grammatical constructions that are very common in Old English: modal plus infinitive, partitive genitive, locative dative, and the "ge" prefix of
   http://acunix.wheatonma.edu/mdrout/GrammarBook2005/Tricks.html

» Verb Movement in Old and Middle English: Dialect Variation and Language Contact
   Studies the position of the verb in Old English word order and shows the influence of this “V2” (verb-second) syntax on the word order of Middle English dialects.
   http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kroch/omev2-html/omev2-html.html